Innovative textile sealing systems for natural ventilation of buildings

Julia Klausmann; Prisca Holderied; Daniel Kastner; Marc Küperkoch; Karin Ratovo; Thomas Mutschler; Marcus Oliver Weber

doi:10.25367/cdatp.2025.6.p160-169

Authors

Julia Klausmann Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany
Prisca Holderied Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7059-4639
Daniel Kastner RWTH Aachen, Lehrstuhl Energieeffizientes Bauen (E3D), Aachen, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-4803
Marc Küperkoch Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5781-4848
Karin Ratovo Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6778-9477
Thomas Mutschler Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-6776
Marcus O. Weber Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Moenchengladbach, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2025.6.p160-169

Keywords:

Knitted spacer fabric, structural design, textile sealing, natural ventilation, indoor climate, sealing profiles, ventilation systems, building construction

Abstract

In the construction sector, elastic plastic seals are used for windows and doors. They seal against cold, draughts and moisture. The aim of this research is to develop innovative textile sealing concepts which guarantee conventional sealing properties as well as offering filtered gap ventilation. Knitted spacer fabrics offer air permeability due to their porous structure and have an adjustable structural elasticity. The innovation aims to offer another ventilation concept and reduce the needed artificial room ventilation, thereby reducing investment and operating costs. Their suitability for seals is evaluated in the research presented. Initially, a requirements profile for sealing systems is developed and appropriate testing methods are selected. To determine a suitable structure, a variety of different textiles are tested. Therefore, knitted spacer fabrics with different spacer yarns are developed. Two monofilaments with different diameters and a high-volume yarn are used as spacers. The fabrics are investigated based on the requirement profile for their grammage, thickness, compressibility, shape recovery, air permeability, thermal resistance, and thermal conductivity. The results show that the spacer fabric with the finer monofilament exhibits the greatest thickness, as well as the highest compressibility and air permeability. The fabric with the coarser monofilament achieves the highest values for thermal resistance, as well as the lowest thermal conductivity. The suitability of the developed seals and their influence on the indoor climate will furthermore be investigated using a self-developed test bench. The test bench determines the tightness of the sealing profiles with regard to moisture, air and particle (pollen) permeability.

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